Asociación entre el síndrome metabólico y el gasto energético total diario en adultos: Análisis transversal de pobladores peruanos

Introduction: Total energy expenditure (TEE) is crucial in energy balance and body weight regulation, yet its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been underexplored. Recently, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in the United States published updated regression equations, validated with doubly labeled water, providing precise tools for clinical application. Objective: To analyze the association between metabolic syndrome and TEE in the adult population of Peru aged 30-59 years. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted using data from the PERU MIGRANT study. A total of 700 participants aged 30-59 years (average 43.44 and standard deviation 8.41) with no history of diabetes or hypertension were included. Females represented 53.86% of the sample. TEE was estimated using IOM equations (2023), expressed in kcal/day, kcal/kg, and kcal/kg of fat-free mass (FFM). MetS was defined using the harmonized criteria, considering MetS positive if ≥3 cardio-metabolic risk factors were present. A generalized linear model with identity link and Gaussian family was employed to obtain crude and adjusted beta coefficients with 95% confidence intervals. Results: MetS prevalence was 23.00%. Multiple regression revealed that MetS was positively and significantly associated with absolute TEE in both sexes. However, MetS individuals negatively associated relative TEE to body mass (kcal/kg) in both sexes. Only significant negative associations were observed in women for MetS and TEE relative to FFM (kcal/FFM). Conclusions: MetS is positively associated with absolute TEE regardless of sex. Conversely, MetS showed an inverse relationship with relative TEE to total body mass, while only a significant inverse relation was observed for women between MetS and relative TEE to FFM.