Perceptions of health and ecosystem risks from free-roaming domestic animals in Mediterranean wetlands: One health perspective

Background and Aim: Free-roaming domestic animals (FRDAs) impact ecosystems and public health. The perception of the ecological and health risks posed by FRDAs can vary depending on individual, cultural, and social factors. In this study, we assessed the perception of ecological and health risks associated with FRDAs in the Batuco wetland (Chile) from a One Health perspective. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire administered to 399 respondents. A Chi-square test, generalized linear models, and correlations were carried out to assess whether respondents’ status (resident or tourist), gender, age, and educational level explained their perception of risks and views on control and management actions for FRDAs. These data were used to propose interventions based on the One Health approach. Results: Residents exhibited greater awareness of the presence of FRDAs in the Batuco wetland but had a lower perception of ecological risks and control and management actions than tourists. In contrast to men, women showed a higher level of knowledge regarding ecological and health risks and identified significantly more control and management actions. However, overall knowledge of ecological and health risks is limited across all groups. Conclusion: The results emphasize the need to implement community engagement and educational programs for residents and tourists using a One Health approach that promotes participation from both men and women to reduce gender gaps in ecological and health risk awareness associated with FRDAs.